The distinction between meaning-focused and form-focused is also intended to capture another key difference between an exercise and a task relating to the role of the participants. Thus, a ‘task’ requires the participants to function primarily as ‘language users’ in the sense that they must employ the same kinds of communicative processes as those involved in real-world activities. Thus, any learning that takes place is incidental. In contrast, an ‘exercise’ requires the participants to function primarily as ‘learners’; here learning is intentional.”
ELLIS, R. Task-based Language Learning and Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003 (adapted).
According to the distinction between ‘activity’ and ‘task’, discussed in the text by Ellis, which of the following could be considered an exercise?
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